FOR UKRAINE

The INFN Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics shares the strong and firm position of the European Union and of the Italian Government to condemn Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, as well as any form of oppression among states and people, in the name of respect, confrontation and cooperation. These are the only and essential tools to have democratic states, guarantee the freedom of people, and achieve the progress of society. This is what science shows us every day as researchers, this is what we want to represent every day as a public scientific institution of a free and democratic State, these are our values. 

In this deeply dramatic moment, which leaves all of us bewildered by its senselessness and brutality, we express our full solidarity with the Ukrainian people. And we assure our willingness to support the initiatives for peace and in support of people in difficulty that will be promoted by the Italian Government and the Ministry of University and Research. We are working to offer support to our Ukrainian colleagues with welcoming initiatives, and we will help to spread initiatives to help the Ukrainian population promoted by our local structures, our staff and the scientific community. INFN will also be aligned with the decisions of the Government and the Ministry of University and Research regarding the management of international scientific collaborations involving Russia. We would also like to express our deep sadness for the condition of Russian colleagues and their fellow citizens who suffer the tragic choices of their government. Science has been, is and will always continue to be, by its very nature, a place of freedom and a ground for dialogue and collaboration among people: we believe in this, as people and as scientists, and we work for this as INFN.

K-Edge Imaging con fasci policromatici e rivelatori “spettrali” di Pasquale Delogu (Università di Pisa/INFN)

Abstract: Il KES (K-Edge Subtraction) è una tecnica di imaging spettrale a raggi X che sfrutta il forte aumento del coefficiente di attenuazione lineare in corrispondenza del K-Edge di un elemento contenuto in un mezzo di contrasto.

L’applicazione ideale di questa tecnica di imaging richiede l’acquisizione di due immagini del campione con due energie monocromatiche, una sotto (low energy) e una sopra (high energy) il K-Edge dell’elemento target.

In alternativa, la tecnica può essere realizzata con fasci di raggi X policromatici utilizzando “detectors spettrali”, cioè dispositivi in grado di registrare l’energia dei fotoni rivelati.

In questo seminario verranno mostrati i principali risultati ottenuti dai progetti INFN KEST (K-Edge Spectral Tomography) e KISS (K-edge Imaging at Synchrotron Sources) che hanno sviluppato questa implementazione e hanno permesso di ottimizzare i parametri di acquisizione. Verranno inoltre discussi i possibili sviluppi.

 

Abstract e slide disponibili su: https://agenda.infn.it/e/delogu

Il seminario si terrà nells stanza 250 e via Zoom al seguente indirizzo:

https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/84261721878?pwd=MDZNaGdBUlcvUUJXa2phSHZVZk5sdz09

ID riunione: 842 6172 1878
Passcode: 611379

“CDT: Universes on a computer” di Dániel Németh (Jagiellonian University Kraków)

Abstract: Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT) is a nonperturbative approach to quantum gravity. The triangulation in the name refers to Regge’s method to discuss gravity, and Feynman’s path integral method allows one to study the quantum behavior of this model. With the help of numerical simulations, we create Universes, where the dynamics are governed by the discretized Einstein-Hilbert action, and each different triangulation counts as a different path in the path integral. Even though nothing is placed in by hand, the model has a very rich phase diagram, where each phase represents a significantly different structure of spacetime. One of these phases is the so-called deSItter phase, where the (EMERGENT) Universe has semiclassical properties and the effective action agrees with the Hartle-Hawking minisupersapce model. In the past years, the properties of the empty CDT universes were thoroughly analyzed, and recently we managed to add classical and quantum scalar fields to the model. In my presentation, I will introduce the audience to the field of CDT and talk about the state of the art.

Abstract e slide disponibili su: https://agenda.infn.it/event/29840/

Il seminario si terrà in presenza nella Sala Galilei (stanza 131) e via Zoom al seguente indirizzo:

https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/84261721878?pwd=MDZNaGdBUlcvUUJXa2phSHZVZk5sdz09

ID riunione: 842 6172 1878
Passcode: 611379

Quark-Gluon Plasma at the LHC: studying the extreme state of QCD with heavy-ion collisions (Andrea Dainese, INFN – Sezione di Padova)

Abstract: The LHC is nowadays the frontier machine for the experimental study of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), a state of strongly-interacting matter that has constituted the Universe a few microseconds after the Big Bang and that is expected to be formed in high-energy collisions of heavy nuclei. In lead-lead collisions at the LHC, an energy density larger by two orders of magnitude than that of atomic nuclei and a temperature of the order of 10^12 K are attained. Under these conditions, according to QCD calculations on the lattice, the confinement of coloured quarks and gluons into colourless hadrons vanishes. The main experimental observables for the characterisation of the QGP properties will be introduced and a selection of the results obtained by the LHC experiments will be presented.

Abstract e slide disponibili su:: https://agenda.infn.it/event/29772/

Il seminario si terrà in presenza nella Sala Galilei (stanza 131) per un numero limitato di persone (48) e via Zoom al seguente indirizzo:

https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/84261721878?pwd=MDZNaGdBUlcvUUJXa2phSHZVZk5sdz09

ID riunione: 842 6172 1878
Passcode: 611379

 

 

Gravitational waves as probes of fundamental physics (Prof. Leonardo Gualtieri, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”)

Abstract: The detection of gravitational waves emitted by coalescing black hole and neutron star binaries gives us access to the strong-field regime of the gravitational interaction.

The next generation of gravitational wave detectors (such as the Einstein Telescope and the space-based detector LISA) will perform precision measurements in this regime, providing the opportunity to test fundamental physics with astrophysical observations.

I will discuss how black holes and neutron stars can be used as laboratories to test general relativity in presence of extreme gravitational fields, to understand how matter behaves at extreme densities, and to put constraints to dark matter candidate.


Abstract e slide disponibili su: https://agenda.infn.it/event/29593

Il seminario si terrà via Zoom al seguente indirizzo:

https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/84261721878?pwd=MDZNaGdBUlcvUUJXa2phSHZVZk5sdz09

ID riunione: 842 6172 1878
Passcode: 611379

Laser-driven particle acceleration: perspectives for medical applications (Luca Labate, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica – CNR, Pisa/INFN-Pisa)

Abstract: Laser-driven acceleration of electron and proton bunches have been experiencing a steady improvement over the past decade, in terms of bunch quality as well as stability and reproducibility. This makes it possible to envision real applications of small-scale (nearly “table-top”) laser-driven accelerators (LDA) in a variety of fields, and in particular in medicine. The possibility of employing LDAs for novel radiotherapy protocols is now emerging, and particular attention is currently deserved to the possibility of delivering ionizing radiation at very high dose rates, thus taking advantage of the recently (re)discovered “FLASH effect”. The results of recent acceleration campaigns, carried out at the ILIL (CNR INO Pisa) lab and devoted to explore acceleration regimes suitable for applications in radiotherapy, will be shown. A large part of the seminar will be devoted to report on recent experiments carried out in the framework of the INFN experiment LPA2, aimed in particular at investigating the radiobiology underpinning the FLASH effect.

“FLASH-RT: promises, mysteries and challenges of the radiotherapy of the future” (Emanuele Scifoni – INFN-TIFPA, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, Trento Italy)

Abstract: The main scope of radiotherapy is to exploit the specific energy deposition by different types of ionizing radiation in an optimal way, maximizing the damage to the tumor cells while minimizing that one to the normal tissues, in particular to organs at risk. The recent discovery, based on hypotheses argued already in the 60s, but evidenced in vivo only in the last 5-7 years, that irradiations delivered at ultra-high dose rate may have a relevant effect in differentially sparing healthy tissue while keeping the same killing effect on the tumor, thus, lead the potential to revolutionate the complete paradigm of radiotherapy and a new intense field of research called FLASH radiotherapy raised exponentially in the last few years. Such new research directions include: novel dosimetric methods, for controlling ultra-high dose rate irradiations, new approaches for dose delivery and treatment planning, and most fundamentally, intense efforts in mechanistic studies, for unraveling an effect that, after initial simple tentative hypotheses, appears today extremely far to be understood. It is indeed clear that its explanation should involve physics, chemistry and biology related steps, spanning on multiple temporal and spatial scales. Such a limited understanding appears as the major hindrance to the clinical exploitation of FLASH.  An overview on such FLASH-related new research directions, also in the context of the recently funded INFN Call FRIDA, will be given, with a focus on the role of multi-scale biophysical modeling in attempting to explain a still highly mysterious effect.

Abstract e slide disponibili su: https://agenda.infn.it/event/29198/

Il seminario si terrà in presenza nella Sala Galilei (stanza 131) per un numero limitato di persone (48) e via Zoom al seguente indirizzo:

https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/84261721878?pwd=MDZNaGdBUlcvUUJXa2phSHZVZk5sdz09

ID riunione: 842 6172 1878
Passcode: 611379

Universality in quantum gravity ( Riccardo Martini – Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University)

Abstract: After revising the asymptotic safety conjecture for quantum gravity, I will present how the concept of universality can be employed to classify the possible ultraviolet completions of general relativity. In particular, we will focus on quantum gravity close to two dimensions, and discuss how different realizations of the diffeomorphisms group, though locally isomorphic, give rise to different quantum theories. We will finally speculate on the analytic continuation of such models far from the two-dimensional case and on the existence of an ultraviolet fixed point for quantum gravity in four dimensions.

 

Abstract e slide disponibili su: https://agenda.infn.it/event/29019

Il seminario si terrà in presenza nella Sala Galilei (stanza 131) per un numero limitato di persone (48) e via Zoom al seguente indirizzo:

https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/84261721878?pwd=MDZNaGdBUlcvUUJXa2phSHZVZk5sdz09

ID riunione: 842 6172 1878
Passcode: 611379